A copper-iron sulphide mineral. It is the main source of copper [Cu] and is often referred to as 'peacock ore' or 'copper pyrites', because of its rich colours. It was mined in Leadhills but not at Wanlockhead.

Zinc sulphide which is the principal ore of zinc [Zn] was mined in Wanlockhead from 1880. No zinc ore was produced at Leadhills. Sphalerite was often called 'black jack', 'resin jack', or 'zinc blende', because of its appearance and the variation in colours.

Native Gold is found within the Lowther Hills and was exploited, particularly during the 15th and 16th centuries. Although several nuggets have been found, no large veins have so far been discovered. Most gold found in this area has been recovered either by panning or sluicing.

No native silver has been found in the district. However, silver occurs as a sulphide - Argentite [AgzS], particularly along with gold. It can also be found with minerals such as galena, copper and sphalerite. When galena was smelted at Wanlockhead and Leadhills, silver was recovered from the smelting process. It was sent to Edinburgh for the minting of coins and jewellery, and exported to Europe.

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